{"id":10887,"date":"2021-12-12T12:07:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-12T17:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mapfelwapfel.com\/?p=10887"},"modified":"2025-10-21T18:32:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:32:35","slug":"10887","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mapfelwapfel.com\/en\/10887\/","title":{"rendered":"NEW-YORK TIMES"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le chef d&#8217;Ha\u00efti a tenu une liste de trafiquants de drogue.\u00a0Ses assassins sont venus pour \u00e7a.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/ca\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=Haiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fjovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html%3Fsmid%3Dwa-share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"mailto:?subject=NYTimes.com%3A%20Haiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.&amp;body=From%20The%20New%20York%20Times%3A%0A%0AHaiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.%0A%0AIn%20the%20months%20before%20his%20murder%2C%20President%20Jovenel%20Mo%C3%AFse%20took%20a%20number%20of%20steps%20to%20fight%20drug%20and%20arms%20smugglers.%20Some%20officials%20now%20fear%20he%20was%20killed%20for%20it.%0A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fjovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html%3Fsmid%3Dem-share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>180<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12haiti-moise\/merlin_191214015_1d069f41-8f9c-4416-91c2-71dcb6ea72d1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 lors des pr\u00e9paratifs des fun\u00e9railles du pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00ebse d'Ha\u00efti en juillet.\"\/><figcaption>Les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 lors des pr\u00e9paratifs des fun\u00e9railles du Pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00efse d&#8217;Ha\u00efti en juillet.Cr\u00e9dit&#8230;Federico Rios pour le New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"link-3f064663\">Le chef d&#8217;Ha\u00efti a tenu une liste de trafiquants de drogue.&nbsp;Ses assassins sont venus pour \u00e7a.<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans les mois qui ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 son assassinat, le pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00efse a pris un certain nombre de mesures pour lutter contre les trafiquants de drogue et d&#8217;armes.&nbsp;Certains responsables craignent maintenant qu&#8217;il n&#8217;ait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 pour cela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 lors des pr\u00e9paratifs des fun\u00e9railles du Pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00efse d&#8217;Ha\u00efti en juillet.Cr\u00e9dit&#8230;Federico Rios pour le New York Times<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=Haiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fjovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html%3Fsmid%3Dwa-share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"mailto:?subject=NYTimes.com%3A%20Haiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.&amp;body=From%20The%20New%20York%20Times%3A%0A%0AHaiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.%0A%0AIn%20the%20months%20before%20his%20murder%2C%20President%20Jovenel%20Mo%C3%AFse%20took%20a%20number%20of%20steps%20to%20fight%20drug%20and%20arms%20smugglers.%20Some%20officials%20now%20fear%20he%20was%20killed%20for%20it.%0A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fjovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html%3Fsmid%3Dem-share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>180<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/maria-abi-habib\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/08\/multimedia\/author-maria-abi-habib\/author-maria-abi-habib-thumbLarge.png\" alt=\"Maria Abi-Habib\" title=\"Maria Abi-Habib\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par&nbsp;Maria Abi-Habib<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>12 d\u00e9cembre 2021<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lire en anglaisLeer en espagnol<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PORT-AU-PRINCE \u2014 Le Pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00efse d&#8217;Ha\u00efti \u00e9tait sur le point de citer des noms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before being assassinated in July, he had been working on a list of powerful politicians and businesspeople involved in Haiti\u2019s drug trade, with the intention of handing over the dossier to the American government, according to four senior Haitian advisers and officials tasked with drafting the document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The president had ordered the officials to spare no one, not even the power brokers who had helped propel him into office, they said \u2014 one of several moves against suspected drug traffickers that could explain a motive for the assassination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When gunmen burst into Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s residence and killed him in his bedroom, his wife, Martine Mo\u00efse \u2014 who had also been shot and lay bleeding on the floor, pretending to be dead \u2014 described how they stayed to search the room, hurriedly digging through his files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2018That\u2019s it,\u2019\u201d they finally declared to one another before fleeing, she told The New York Times in&nbsp;her first interview&nbsp;after the assassination, adding that she did not know what the gunmen had taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12Haiti-Moise-2\/00Haiti-Moise-2-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12Haiti-Moise-2\/00Haiti-Moise-2-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Martine Moise \u00e0 Miami en juillet.  Des hommes arm\u00e9s ont fouill\u00e9 les dossiers de son mari alors qu'elle gisait en sang, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.\"\/><figcaption>Martine Mo\u00efse in Miami in July. Gunmen dug through her husband\u2019s files as she lay bleeding, she said. Credit&#8230;Maria Alejandra Cardona for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Investigators arrived at the crime scene to find Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s home office ransacked, papers were strewn everywhere. In interrogations, some of the captured hitmen confessed that retrieving the list Mr. Mo\u00efse had been working on \u2014 with the names of suspected drug traffickers \u2014 was a top priority, according to three senior Haitian officials with knowledge of the investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The document was part of a broader series of clashes Mr. Mo\u00efse had with powerful political and business figures, some suspected of narcotics and arms trafficking. Mr. Mo\u00efse had known several of them for years, and they felt betrayed by his turn against them, his aides say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the months before his death, Mr. Mo\u00efse took steps to clean up Haiti\u2019s customs department, nationalize a seaport with a history of smuggling, destroy an airstrip used by drug traffickers and investigate the lucrative eel trade, which has recently been identified as a conduit for money laundering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Times interviewed more than 70 people and travelled to eight of Haiti\u2019s 10 departments, or states, to interview politicians, Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s childhood friends, police officers, fishermen and participants in the drug trade to understand what happened in the last seven months of the president\u2019s life that may have contributed to his death. Many of them now fear for their lives as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12Haiti-Moise-3\/00Haiti-Moise-Top-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12Haiti-Moise-3\/00Haiti-Moise-Top-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"The house where Mr. Mo\u00efse was assassinated in July. His home office was ransacked, with papers strewn everywhere.\"\/><figcaption>The house where Mr. Mo\u00efse was assassinated in July. His home office was ransacked, with papers strewn everywhere. Credit&#8230;Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI would be a fool to think that narco-trafficking and arms trafficking didn\u2019t play a role in the assassination,\u201d said Daniel Foote, who served as the U.S. special envoy to Haiti before stepping down last month. \u201cAnyone who understands Haiti\u2019s politics or economics understands this.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A central figure on Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s list was Charles Saint-R\u00e9my, known as Kiko, two of the Haitian officials tasked with helping draft the dossier said. Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my, a Haitian businessman, has long been suspected by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration of involvement in the drug trade. Notably, he is also the brother-in-law of former President Michel Martelly, who lifted Mr. Mo\u00efse out of political obscurity and tapped him to be his successor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Martelly, who is considering another run for the presidency, and Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my were hugely influential in Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s government, with a say in everything from who got public contracts to which cabinet ministers got appointed, according to Haitian officials inside and outside his administration. But Mr. Mo\u00efse came to feel that they and other oligarchs were stifling his presidency, his aides say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">American officials say that they are looking closely at Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s efforts to disrupt the drug trade and challenge powerful families as motives in the assassination, and they note that Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my emerged as a possible suspect early in the investigation. But they caution that Mr. Mo\u00efse threatened many of the economic elite, including a number of people with deep criminal connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Martelly and Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my did not respond to a detailed list of questions for this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12haiti-moise-5\/merlin_191144871_6369dc85-bfc3-4d6a-ba53-5a3c53a3ff12-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12haiti-moise-5\/merlin_191144871_6369dc85-bfc3-4d6a-ba53-5a3c53a3ff12-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Former President Michel Martelly of Haiti and his wife, Sophia, at a reception in Port-au-Prince in July where Ms. Mo\u00efse and her children received condolences.\"\/><figcaption>Former President Michel Martelly of Haiti and his wife, Sophia, at a reception in Port-au-Prince in July where Ms. Mo\u00efse and her children received condolences.Credit&#8230;Federico Rios for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The investigation into Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s killing has stalled, American officials say, and if the assassination is not solved, many Haitians fear it will add to the mountain of impunity in the country, further emboldening the criminal networks that have captured the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suspected drug and arms traffickers&nbsp;have long sat in Haiti\u2019s Parliament. Small planes with contraband frequently land on clandestine airstrips. Haitian police officers have been caught aiding drug smugglers, while judges are regularly bribed to throw cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Haiti may now provide the largest route for drugs destined for the United States, but no one knows for sure because the country has become so difficult to police. American law enforcement is unable to run a wiretapping program in the country, or even fully collaborate with its Haitian counterparts because corruption in the police and judiciary runs so deep, U.S. officials say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAnyone involved in drug trafficking here has at least one police officer on their team,\u201d said Comp\u00e8re Daniel, the police commissioner of the Northwest Department of Haiti, a major transit smuggling corridor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt is impossible to get police officers to cooperate with me on the field,\u201d he said. \u201cSometimes they don\u2019t even answer my calls.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The D.E.A.\u2019s operations in Haiti have also drawn scrutiny. Criticism of the agency has sharpened because at least two of the Haitians suspected of involvement in Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s assassination&nbsp;were former D.E.A. informants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12Haiti-Moise-4\/00Haiti-Moise-3-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/12Haiti-Moise-4\/00Haiti-Moise-3-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A mural depicting Mr. Mo\u00efse near the entrance to his home in P\u00e9tionville, Haiti, where he was assassinated.\"\/><figcaption>A mural depicting Mr. Mo\u00efse near the entrance to his home in P\u00e9tionville, Haiti, where he was assassinated.Credit&#8230;Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In November, the&nbsp;Senate Judiciary Committee criticized the D.E.A.&nbsp;for corruption allegations that have swirled around its Haiti operations, citing a&nbsp;Times investigation&nbsp;in August linking Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s head of palace security to the drug trade. The D.E.A., accused by former agents of mishandling one of Haiti\u2019s biggest drug cases, declined to comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"link-5443d60a\">\u2018The True Leader Wasn\u2019t the President\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Mr. Mo\u00efse was chosen by Mr. Martelly in 2014 to be his successor, Mr. Martelly introduced the nation to a supposed outsider with peasant origins, a man of the countryside who had lifted himself out of poverty by running banana plantations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Martelly\u2019s associates said he first met Mr. Mo\u00efse during a conference and was struck by the entrepreneur\u2019s business acumen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Figures in This Story<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Jovenel Mo\u00efse:&nbsp;<\/strong>Haiti\u2019s president until&nbsp;his assassination&nbsp;on July 7, 2021.<\/li><li><strong>Martine Mo\u00efse:&nbsp;<\/strong>Former first lady and&nbsp;widow of Jovenel Mo\u00efse. She was in the room when assassins gunned down her husband.<\/li><li><strong>Joverlein Mo\u00efse:&nbsp;<\/strong>Son of Jovenel Mo\u00efse. He now lives in Canada.<\/li><li><strong>Michel Martelly:<\/strong>&nbsp;Former president of Haiti. He chose Jovenel Mo\u00efse to be his successor.<\/li><li><strong>Sophia Martelly:<\/strong>&nbsp;Former first lady, wife of Mr. Martelly. She, too, was influential in Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s government.<\/li><li><strong>Charles \u201cKiko\u201d Saint-R\u00e9my:&nbsp;<\/strong>An influential Haitian businessman. Brother-in-law of former President Martelly, and brother of Sophia Martelly.<\/li><li><strong>Esther Antoine:&nbsp;<\/strong>One of Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s former campaign managers who became a senior government official until his death.<\/li><li><strong>Gabriel Fortun\u00e9:&nbsp;<\/strong>A close friend and adviser to Mr. Mo\u00efse. He died in&nbsp;the August 2021 earthquake, a day after speaking with The Times.<\/li><li><strong>Dimitri H\u00e9rard:&nbsp;<\/strong>He commanded the guards at the presidential palace at the time of Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s assassination. Mr. H\u00e9rard is&nbsp;a suspect in the killing.<\/li><li><strong>Keith McNichols:&nbsp;<\/strong>A former D.E.A. agent stationed in Haiti who investigated Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my and Mr. H\u00e9rard.<\/li><li><strong>Ariel Henry:&nbsp;<\/strong>The current&nbsp;prime minister of Haiti&nbsp;and a close associate of Mr. Martelly and his wife.<\/li><li><strong>Evinx Daniel:&nbsp;<\/strong>A close friend of Mr. Martelly, Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my and Mr. Mo\u00efse. Mr. Daniel disappeared in 2014 and is presumed dead.<\/li><li><strong>Joseph Felix Badio:&nbsp;<\/strong>A former D.E.A. informant who is&nbsp;accused of commanding Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s assassins.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the story was misleading: Mr. Mo\u00efse had mostly grown up in the capital, several of the original board members of his banana plantation say it was a failure, and Mr. Mo\u00efse was already a close associate of Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my and at least one other suspected drug trafficker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse, 53 at the time of his assassination, was born in Trou-du-Nord, French for \u201chole of the North,\u201d an agricultural town that has suffered under decades of government neglect. His father drove a tractor at a nearby sisal plantation but lost his job when it closed, according to interviews with local residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Mr. Mo\u00efse was 7, his mother moved him and his siblings to Carrefour, a slum of Port-au-Prince, in search of work and a secondary school for her children, relatives said. In university, Mr. Mo\u00efse met his wife and they moved together to her hometown, Port-de-Paix, in the northwest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-trou\/merlin_198866685_d4c58ca2-7dc1-44fb-89fb-06709491ea38-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-trou\/merlin_198866685_d4c58ca2-7dc1-44fb-89fb-06709491ea38-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Trou-du-Nord, Haiti, where Mr. Mo\u00efse was born.\"\/><figcaption>Trou-du-Nord, Haiti, where Mr. Mo\u00efse was born.Credit&#8230;Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By 2000, Mr. Mo\u00efse had met and become business partners with Evinx Daniel, according to relatives and acquaintances of both men. Mr. Daniel, a close friend of Mr. Martelly\u2019s, would later be accused of drug trafficking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse worked with Mr. Daniel on one of his ventures, Mariella Food Products, which produced biscuits&nbsp;with a pigtailed schoolgirl&nbsp;on the packaging. A former high-ranking Haitian police officer said the company was suspected of being a money-laundering front.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The full extent of Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s involvement in the company is unclear, but a former senator, Jean Baptiste Bien-Aim\u00e9, recalled the men coming to his office to talk about the company about a decade ago and said the men were often with Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my, the brother-in-law of Mr. Martelly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey were always together. They were fish crushed in the soup,\u201d said Mr. Bien-Aim\u00e9, using a local saying to describe close relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my has publicly admitted that he sold drugs in the past but claims all his businesses are now legitimate. Haitian law enforcement officials and former D.E.A. officers who recently served in Haiti say he is still believed to be one of the country\u2019s biggest drug traffickers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jacques Jean Kinan, Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s cousin, said he and Mr. Mo\u00efse worked with Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my in the eel industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With his brother-in-law as president, Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my wielded enormous influence, often demanding that choice licenses and contracts be awarded to him, particularly eel export licenses, according to officials in Mr. Martelly\u2019s government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When his demands were not heeded, he could turn violent: In 2015, Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my assaulted an agriculture minister for issuing a contract without his consent, an altercation&nbsp;reported at the time&nbsp;and confirmed by a former government minister.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my\u2019s hold on the eel trade solidified, Mr. Mo\u00efse decided to get out of the sector and focus on Agritrans, a banana plantation near his hometown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMy father said that the Martelly family cornered the eel business and made it difficult to get in,\u201d said Joverlein Mo\u00efse, the slain president\u2019s son.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-Joverlein\/merlin_191145036_e0cf2bc4-bd2d-4117-998c-f12fb12e4130-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-Joverlein\/merlin_191145036_e0cf2bc4-bd2d-4117-998c-f12fb12e4130-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Joverlein Mo\u00efse, right, with his brother Jovenel and sister Jomarlie at a reception for condolences in July.\"\/><figcaption>Joverlein Mo\u00efse, right, with his brother Jovenel and sister Jomarlie at reception for condolences in July.Credit&#8230;Federico Rios for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse also kept in touch with his associate, Mr. Daniel, who had opened a hotel in Les Cayes, a coastal city in the south, an official and a relative said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2013, Mr. Daniel told the authorities that he found 23 packages of marijuana floating at sea while he was on his boat and decided to bring them home. Mr. Daniel&nbsp;said at the time&nbsp;that he and Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my called the D.E.A. to pick up the load he discovered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A prosecutor, Jean Marie Salomon, doubted the story, suspecting it was a ploy to cover up a drug deal gone bad after locals had stumbled on the stash. He arrested Mr. Daniel on drug-trafficking charges, but he said Mr. Martelly\u2019s minister of justice personally intervened and ordered his release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shortly after, Mr. Martelly went to Mr. Daniel\u2019s hotel with a delegation in a clear display of support, Mr. Salomon said. \u201cThe message was, justice does not matter,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just months after his release, Mr. Daniel went missing in 2014, his abandoned car found at a gas station. Two people \u2014 a relative of Mr. Daniel\u2019s and a police officer at the time \u2014 said Mr. Mo\u00efse was one of the last people to see him alive. Mr. Daniel is presumed dead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Salomon suspects that drug traffickers killed him, concerned that he would expose their network as part of a plea deal, and Mr. Daniel\u2019s disappearance remains unsolved. Two investigators said they were sidelined by a federal police unit controlled by Mr. Martelly\u2019s government that took over the investigation and tampered with the evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barred by the Constitution from running for two consecutive terms, Mr. Martelly began looking for a successor. He wanted to find someone to keep the bench warm for him until he could launch another presidential bid and shield himself from&nbsp;corruption allegations&nbsp;involving the misappropriation of billions of dollars during his tenure, according to former officials in the Martelly and Mo\u00efse administrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He settled on Mr. Mo\u00efse, marketing him as a successful entrepreneur and nicknaming him the \u201cBanana Man\u201d on the campaign trail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI told Martelly, you have to look for the peasant vote, someone who looks like them, someone with black skin,\u201d said a former senator, Jacques Sauveur Jean, a friend and sometimes political ally of Mr. Martelly. He said Haitians were tired of the privileged light-skinned elite who ran the country, like Mr. Martelly, and felt that Mr. Mo\u00efse, with his dark skin and rural origins, better represented them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-martelly-2\/merlin_193480869_8868bfaa-728f-4465-994d-a100cf7bf175-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-martelly-2\/merlin_193480869_8868bfaa-728f-4465-994d-a100cf7bf175-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Mr. Martelly arriving in Les Cayes, Haiti, to distribute medical supplies after an earthquake in August. He is said to be considering another run for president.\"\/><figcaption>Mr. Martelly arrived in Les Cayes, Haiti, to distribute medical supplies after an earthquake in August. He is said to be considering another run for president. Credit&#8230;Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In interviews, three of the original board members of Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s plantation business, Agritrans, described the venture as a failure, with their original investments lost and little but a barren field to show for it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But as Mr. Martelly contemplated a successor, the company&nbsp;received a $6 million loan from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esther Antoine, one of Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s campaign managers, said she worked to polish his image, to get rid of a stutter that had haunted him and improve his confidence on stage. But on the campaign trail Mr. Martelly took center stage, she said, outshining the man he was supposed to be promoting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ms. Antoine, who worried that Mr. Martelly\u2019s outside presence was \u201cdrowning\u201d her candidate, said she convinced the president to give Mr. Mo\u00efse the space to campaign alone. That did not sit well with Mr. Martelly\u2019s wife, Sophia, she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">She said the first lady grew suspicious of Ms. Antoine and called her to the Martelly family home in the middle of the night, reprimanding her for not informing them of Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s every move.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ms. Antoine said she pushed back, arguing that she was there to work for Mr. Mo\u00efse, not the Martelly family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThat\u2019s when the wife looks at me and says, \u2018Jovenel is a property. You don\u2019t seem to understand that,\u2019\u201d Ms. Antoine recounted. \u201cI was shocked. When I asked her to repeat it, she then switched to French: \u2018Jovenel est une propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The former first lady did not respond to a detailed list of questions for this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When he won and took over the presidency in 2017, Mr. Mo\u00efse felt suffocated by Mr. Martelly but remained loyal to him, his aides said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-protest\/merlin_191193606_0e60b0b4-b503-45d7-bbc6-63b4177649cf-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-protest\/merlin_191193606_0e60b0b4-b503-45d7-bbc6-63b4177649cf-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Protests erupted the day before Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s funeral in July. The investigation into his assassination has stalled, U.S. officials say.\"\/><figcaption>Protests erupted the day before Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s funeral in July. The investigation into his assassination has stalled, U.S. officials say. Credit&#8230;Federico Rios for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse was unable to choose his own cabinet without the approval of the Martelly family or Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my, they said. The Martelly&#8217;s would often call Mr. Mo\u00efse, yelling at him for his legislative initiatives, according to several people who overheard the conversations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe true leader wasn\u2019t the president,\u201d said Gabriel Fortun\u00e9, a close adviser to Mr. Mo\u00efse who died in an earthquake a day after speaking with The Times. \u201cIt was his godfather, Martelly. When we talk about the godfather we are talking about the Italian way,\u201d he added, \u201cthe family.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ms. Antoine acknowledged that Mr. Mo\u00efse often turned a blind eye to the corruption in his government, to avoid making enemies and advance his own initiatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cHe would say, \u2018Let me feed them so they leave me alone. If they\u2019re making money, they\u2019ll let me do my electricity and build my roads,\u2019\u201d Ms. Antoine recalled him saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s critics said he joined in the corruption. Before he came to power, the Haitian government was investigating Mr. Mo\u00efse, his wife and their company, Agritrans, for large amounts of money found in their bank accounts that could not be explained by the level of business they were generating, an official who worked on the case said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two government anti-corruption units also questioned why Mr. Martelly\u2019s government gave a $6 million loan to Agritrans, a company with such a limited record. But when Mr. Mo\u00efse came to power, he&nbsp;fired the directors of the two anti-corruption units&nbsp;who worked on the inquiry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"link-72b0ac1c\">\u2018They Will Kill Me\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As Mr. Mo\u00efse settled into office, he soon realized that the withering control Mr. Martelly and his family exerted on the campaign trail extended to his personal security, several officials said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse inherited Dimitri H\u00e9rard, a pivotal member of Mr. Martelly\u2019s presidential security force who became the head of the police unit protecting Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s presidential palace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. H\u00e9rard was also a drug-trafficking suspect. In 2015, when a Panamanian-flagged cargo ship docked in Port-au-Prince with 1,100 kilograms of cocaine and heroin aboard,&nbsp;Mr. H\u00e9rard has seen commanding police officers&nbsp;in uniform load the drugs into vehicles before speeding off with them, according to a witness and Keith McNichols, a former D.E.A. agent stationed in Haiti who led the agency\u2019s investigation into the missing drug shipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-PAP\/00haiti-moise-PAP-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-PAP\/00haiti-moise-PAP-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Port-au-Prince, where an investigation into a cargo ship loaded with cocaine and heroin once drew in the man who headed Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s palace security.\"\/><figcaption>Port-au-Prince, where an investigation into a cargo ship loaded with cocaine and heroin once drew in the man who headed Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s palace security.Credit&#8230;Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But Mr. Martelly shielded Mr. H\u00e9rard from being questioned by investigators in the case, a former United Nations official said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse deeply mistrusted Mr. H\u00e9rard, according to several presidential advisers and an international diplomat the president confided in. On at least one occasion, they said, Mr. H\u00e9rard was found spying on the president for Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my, informing him about Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s meetings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. H\u00e9rard, now in detention as a suspect in the assassination, could not be reached for comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In January, Mr. H\u00e9rard ordered about 260 weapons from Turkey \u2014 including M4 carbines and handguns \u2014 making out the order to the presidential palace, Mr. Fortun\u00e9 and a former security official said. But instead of arming his own unit, they said, Mr. H\u00e9rard sold most of the weapons to gangs and businesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhen Mo\u00efse found out about the weapons H\u00e9rard ordered, he wasn\u2019t surprised \u2014 he was scared,\u201d Mr. Fortun\u00e9 said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s relationship with the presidential security forces, already on tenterhooks, further soured. But that changed in February when Mr. H\u00e9rard claimed to have foiled a coup attempt against Mr. Mo\u00efse. Suddenly, the distrust waned. Some former aides, like Ms. Antoine and Mr. Fortun\u00e9, wondered whether the supposed coup was a false flag, to throw off Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s suspicions about Mr. H\u00e9rard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the coup scare, Mr. Mo\u00efse went on the offensive, publicly blasting Haiti\u2019s oligarchs and political elite for trying to kill him, including in one of his&nbsp;final interviews with The Times&nbsp;before his death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Behind the scenes, Haitian officials say, Mr. Mo\u00efse began working to take down his perceived enemies. He spoke with his closest aides and select officials to start compiling the dossier breaking down narcotics and weapons smuggling networks in Haiti, including Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my, according to the people involved with the document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In February, Josua Alusma, the mayor of Port-du-Paix and a close Mo\u00efse ally, ordered a crackdown on the eel trade, the industry dominated by Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my. Many of the eels go to China, but the Haitian police are investigating the industry as a way to launder illicit profits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI don\u2019t like this business. It happens at night, do you know what I\u2019m saying?\u201d Mr. Alusma said. \u201cThere\u2019s no security.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He said the industry needed to be regulated and taxed. \u201cPeople like Kiko go in and out of the city,\u201d he said, using Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my\u2019s nickname. \u201cBut we are the ones here cleaning his trash,\u201d he added, referring to illegal weapons seized during a raid this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-paix\/merlin_198867033_71951f74-b555-4a32-ba0b-5ccd9a2af551-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-paix\/merlin_198867033_71951f74-b555-4a32-ba0b-5ccd9a2af551-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Port-du-Paix, Haiti, where the mayor ordered a crackdown on the eel trade.\"\/><figcaption>Port-du-Paix, Haiti, where the mayor ordered a crackdown on the eel trade.Credit&#8230;Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same month, the president also started to discuss plans to nationalize a seaport owned by allies of Mr. Martelly, where several shipments of illegal weapons have been found and seized over the years, two senior Haitian officials said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cJovenel told me that he had an agenda that he wanted to implement but he couldn\u2019t because, he said, \u2018They will kill me,\u2019\u201d recounted a powerful politician who served as an informal aide to Mr. Mo\u00efse, speaking on condition of anonymity for fear of his life. The port, he said, \u201cwas part of the plan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse also tried to push customs, despite considerable resistance, to start inspecting Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my\u2019s shipments and charging taxes on his goods, according to several presidential aides, two senior security officials and an official at the customs department. Haitian economists estimate that the country loses about $500 million a year because of corruption at customs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then, in mid-May,&nbsp;Dominican security forces arrested Woodley Eth\u00e9art, also known as Sonson Lafamilia, a close friend of Mr. Martelly and Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my\u2019s. When Mr. Martelly was president in 2015, he stood by Mr. Eth\u00e9art after he was arrested on kidnapping charges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This year, Mr. Eth\u00e9art still had a warrant out for his arrest and generally kept a low profile. But in May, he and Mr. Martelly took photos of themselves partying together in Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic\u2019s capital, that were posted on social media, a senior Dominican official said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The next day,&nbsp;Dominican forces arrested Mr. Eth\u00e9art&nbsp;and extradited him to Haiti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse was ecstatic, his aides said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The president\u2019s phone buzzed with calls from Mr. Martelly and Mr. Saint-R\u00e9my, but he refused to answer them, according to a close friend and a presidential adviser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cSonson Lafamilia is very close to the Martelly family,\u201d said Joverlein, Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s son. \u201cIt is possible that Martelly saw that arrest as some kind of disrespect, that my father was a traitor and was betraying the Martelly family.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-funeral\/merlin_191251338_e55a24ec-077b-45c5-9c69-859f1390e26d-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/11\/world\/11haiti-moise-funeral\/merlin_191251338_e55a24ec-077b-45c5-9c69-859f1390e26d-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s funeral in July.\"\/><figcaption>Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s funeral in July.Credit&#8230;Federico Rios for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drug trafficking routes in Haiti\u2019s north also came under pressure. In the 1990s, little Cessna planes from Colombia landed on dirt airstrips on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. But as the population expanded, the landing strips became surrounded by slums. Poor residents realized the valuable illicit cargo the planes held and began raiding them, according to a security official.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, about a decade ago, traffickers moved the airstrips north, to Savane Diane, a sprawling, isolated area. Since then, the drug trade has evolved and boomed. The planes no longer come solely from Colombia \u2014 Venezuela has become a big player, too, with family members of President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro&nbsp;arrested by the D.E.A. in Haiti in 2015&nbsp;for drug trafficking. The&nbsp;son of Honduras\u2019s former president&nbsp;was also arrested in Haiti by the D.E.A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This year, Mr. Mo\u00efse&nbsp;approved an agro-industrial zone in Savane Diane, but when the project broke ground, officials found they were about three miles south of one of Haiti\u2019s most active airstrips for cocaine and heroin deliveries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The small lake nearby was filled with fish, in an area where malnutrition is rampant, yet locals would not go near it. When The Times asked them why farmers explained that human remains were often dumped there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And when The Times went to the local airstrip, a farmer with a machete in his hand approached, asking if a drug delivery was happening so that he could get a bribe to look the other way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two jagged dirt strips \u2014 one path for each wheel \u2014 cut through waist-high grass. Yards from the airstrip lay the hull of a small plane that, residents say, crashed over the summer. The wreckage of another charred plane lay close by.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-plane\/00haiti-moise-plane-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-plane\/00haiti-moise-plane-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Les restes calcin\u00e9s d'un avion pr\u00e8s d'un a\u00e9rodrome clandestin \u00e0 Savane Diane, en Ha\u00efti.\"\/><figcaption>The charred remains of a plane near a clandestine airfield in Savane Diane, Haiti.Credit&#8230;Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the police cars that are often seen offloading the planes\u2019 cargo get stuck along the rough roads, local tractor drivers get paid a few dollars to tow them out, residents said. Before a plane comes, they added, farmers cut the grass around the airstrip and start fires in empty cans so pilots know where to land at night.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. Mo\u00efse\u2019s aides said he became aware of the airstrip after a furious call from the D.E.A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Between May and June, the airstrip in Savane Diane and another in Haiti\u2019s north hosted an inordinate amount of traffic, with at least a dozen planes coming through, potentially carrying thousands of kilos of cocaine, Haitian security officials say. In mid-June, the D.E.A. called the Haitian authorities, demanding to know why there was such an uptick, according to Haitian officials with knowledge of the communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several of the planes had even stopped in Port-au-Prince to refuel in the middle of the night when the airport was closed, they said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Mr. Mo\u00efse found out about the deliveries in mid-June, he was fuming, his aides said. Then came an order from the presidential palace: Destroy the airstrip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ADVERTISEMENTContinue reading the main story<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the local authorities refused to do it, according to several officials interviewed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About a week later, Mr. Mo\u00efse was at home with his wife and two children when hitmen burst into his home. They had been let into the presidential compound by Mr. H\u00e9rard\u2019s forces. In his initial testimony, Mr. H\u00e9rard said they stood down when the gunmen identified themselves as D.E.A. agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pas un seul coup de feu n&#8217;a \u00e9t\u00e9 tir\u00e9 entre les assassins et les gardes de M. Mo\u00efse.&nbsp;Alors que les hommes arm\u00e9s prenaient d&#8217;assaut la r\u00e9sidence, le pr\u00e9sident a appel\u00e9 M. H\u00e9rard et un autre responsable de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour le sauver, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 sa veuve au Times.&nbsp;Aucune aide n&#8217;est venue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;un des hommes \u00e0 la t\u00eate des assassins, Joseph Felix Badio, \u00e9tait un ancien informateur de la DEA qui a appel\u00e9 le nouveau Premier ministre du pays, Ariel Henry, \u00e0&nbsp;plusieurs reprises dans les jours qui ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 et dans les heures qui ont suivi l&#8217;assassinat&nbsp;, selon une copie de la police. rapport.&nbsp;M. Henry, un proche alli\u00e9 de M. Martelly, a ni\u00e9 toute implication dans le meurtre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-henry\/merlin_192576951_100cf625-8fd0-4915-9e5f-3f7a43944179-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/12\/09\/world\/00haiti-moise-henry\/merlin_192576951_100cf625-8fd0-4915-9e5f-3f7a43944179-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Le Premier ministre Ariel Henry d'Ha\u00efti dans son bureau en ao\u00fbt.\"\/><figcaption>Le Premier ministre Ariel Henry d&#8217;Ha\u00efti dans son bureau en ao\u00fbt.Cr\u00e9dit&#8230;Victor Moriyama pour le New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M. Badio est toujours en fuite, mais dans les semaines qui ont suivi l&#8217;assassinat, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 aper\u00e7u dans des v\u00e9hicules gouvernementaux blind\u00e9s, selon un agent de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9 dans l&#8217;enqu\u00eate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M. Henry a d\u00e9poss\u00e9d\u00e9 le gouvernement des anciens alli\u00e9s de M. Mo\u00efse.&nbsp;Le mois dernier, il a nomm\u00e9 un nouveau ministre de la Justice, Berto Dorc\u00e9 \u2013 qui, selon une enqu\u00eate de la DEA, a soudoy\u00e9 l&#8217;un des juges supervisant l&#8217;affaire du navire battant pavillon panam\u00e9en avec 1 100 kilos de drogue \u00e0 bord.&nbsp;Un ancien haut responsable de l&#8217;application des lois ha\u00eftiennes a \u00e9galement d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que M. Dorc\u00e9 avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pass\u00e9 des mois en prison en lien avec le trafic de drogue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M. Dorc\u00e9 n&#8217;a pas r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 une liste de questions pour cet article.&nbsp;M. Martelly est \u00e0 Miami, o\u00f9 il vit, en train de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 une autre candidature \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidentielle, disent ses associ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des \u00e9lections nationales auront lieu l&#8217;ann\u00e9e prochaine, et M. Martelly est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un favori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Julian Barnes a contribu\u00e9 aux reportages de Washington.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maria Abi-Habib est chef de bureau pour le Mexique, l&#8217;Am\u00e9rique centrale et les Cara\u00efbes.&nbsp;Elle a fait des reportages \u00e0 travers l&#8217;Asie du Sud et le Moyen-Orient pour le New York Times.&nbsp;Retrouvez-la sur Twitter :&nbsp;&nbsp;@abihabibUne version de cet article para\u00eet sur papier le&nbsp;13 d\u00e9cembre 2021&nbsp;, Section&nbsp;A&nbsp;, Page&nbsp;1&nbsp;de l&#8217;\u00e9dition de New York&nbsp;avec le titre :&nbsp;Le chef d&#8217;Ha\u00efti avait une liste que ses assassins voulaient&nbsp;.&nbsp;Commander des r\u00e9impressions&nbsp;|&nbsp;Papier d&#8217;aujourd&#8217;hui&nbsp;|&nbsp;S&#8217;abonnerLIRE 180 COMMENTAIRES<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=Haiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fjovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html%3Fsmid%3Dwa-share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"mailto:?subject=NYTimes.com%3A%20Haiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.&amp;body=From%20The%20New%20York%20Times%3A%0A%0AHaiti%E2%80%99s%20Leader%20Kept%20a%20List%20of%20Drug%20Traffickers.%20His%20Assassins%20Came%20for%20It.%0A%0AIn%20the%20months%20before%20his%20murder%2C%20President%20Jovenel%20Mo%C3%AFse%20took%20a%20number%20of%20steps%20to%20fight%20drug%20and%20arms%20smugglers.%20Some%20officials%20now%20fear%20he%20was%20killed%20for%20it.%0A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fjovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html%3Fsmid%3Dem-share\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"styln-guide-title\">Retour sur 2021<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prenez un moment pour revoir les images, les personnes et les \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui ont marqu\u00e9 l&#8217;ann\u00e9e.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/americas\/jovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html#commentsContainer\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/12\/world\/americas\/jovenel-moise-haiti-president-drug-traffickers.html\"><\/a><a href=\"mailto:letters@nytimes.com\"><\/a><strong>Offre sp\u00e9ciale.&nbsp;<\/strong>Abonnez-vous pour&nbsp;<s>5<\/s>&nbsp;$ 0,50 $ (CAN) par semaine.<strong>Merci d&#8217;avoir lu M.W.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<script>;<\/script><script>;<\/script><script>;<\/script><script>;<\/script><script>;<\/script><script>;<\/script><script>;<\/script><script>;<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le chef d&#8217;Ha\u00efti a tenu une liste de trafiquants de drogue.\u00a0Ses assassins sont venus pour \u00e7a. 180 Le chef d&#8217;Ha\u00efti a tenu une liste de trafiquants de drogue.&nbsp;Ses assassins sont venus pour \u00e7a. Dans les mois qui ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 son assassinat, le pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00efse a pris un certain nombre de mesures pour lutter contre les trafiquants de drogue et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1381,1419,1406,1426],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigation","category-justice","category-politique","category-societe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NEW-YORK TIMES - Mapfel Wapfel | Annuaire Entreprises Communautaires MonDIAL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mapfelwapfel.com\/en\/10887\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NEW-YORK TIMES - Mapfel Wapfel | Annuaire Entreprises Communautaires MonDIAL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le chef d&#8217;Ha\u00efti a tenu une liste de trafiquants de drogue.\u00a0Ses assassins sont venus pour \u00e7a. 180 Le chef d&#8217;Ha\u00efti a tenu une liste de trafiquants de drogue.&nbsp;Ses assassins sont venus pour \u00e7a. Dans les mois qui ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 son assassinat, le pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00efse a pris un certain nombre de mesures pour lutter contre les trafiquants de drogue et [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mapfelwapfel.com\/en\/10887\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mapfel Wapfel | Annuaire Entreprises Communautaires MonDIAL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-12T17:07:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-21T22:32:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mapfelwapfel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/58e-president-republique-dhaiti.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"370\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"136\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"DORNEVAL Kingsley\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"DORNEVAL Kingsley\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"28 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/10887\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/10887\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"DORNEVAL Kingsley\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/52fb063976b99b144e798a94a756d9a4\"},\"headline\":\"NEW-YORK TIMES\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-12T17:07:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-21T22:32:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/10887\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5369,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/10887\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/58e-president-republique-dhaiti.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Investigation\",\"Justice\",\"Politique\",\"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/10887\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/10887\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mapfelwapfel.com\\\/en\\\/10887\\\/\",\"name\":\"NEW-YORK TIMES - 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